Electrical measuring instrument.



PATENTED JAN. 16, 1906.

T. W. VARLEY.

ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT.

J APPLICATION FILED I'EB.6,1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Inventor PATENTED JAN. 16, 1906.

T. W. VARLEY. ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.6, 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Inventor EETS-SHEBT 3.

I 'PATENTED JAN. 16, 1906. w. VARLEY. ELEOTRIOALMBASURING INSTRUMENT.

' Inventor UNITED ST ATES PATENT orrion.

THOMAS WV. VARLEY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO WALT JR S. RUGG, OF NEWV YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTMUWIENT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 16, 1906.

Application filed February 6, 1905. fierial No. 244,263.

To a whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, THOMAS W. VARLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing in the boroughof'MIanhattan, city ofNew York, State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Electrical Measuring Instruments, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to electrical measuring instruments wherein advantage is taken of a permanent magnetic field in combination with stationary and movable coils so disposed that a current passing through the. sta-' tionary coil will shift or distort the lines of force of the permanent magnet in such man.- ner that they will cause a torque on the movable coil, the function of the stationary coil being simply to so shift the lines of force in the permanent magnetic field and not necessarily to create the magnetic field itself, as in the ordinary dynamometer.

In the following I have described, with reference to the accompanying drawings,- a structure illustrating one embodiment of my invention, the features thereof being more fully pointed out hereinafter in the claims.

,In the drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation of a structure designed to be used as an integrating watt-hour meter, parts being broken away. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal view, partly in section, of the structure shown in Fig. l, the indicator being turned so as to show the dial-face. Fig. 3 is across-sectional view of the structure shown in Fig. 1 along the line I) 3 thereof. Fig. 4 is a view, partly diagrammatic,showing also a bottomview of the structin'e shownin Fig. 'l partlyin section. Fig. '5 is a detail view to more clearly illustrate the windings of the movable coil. Fig. 6 is a view, partly diagrannnatic,sho wing the connections of the moving and stationary parts, having particular application to the illustration of the invention as applied to a watt-hour meter with a closed -circuit armature.

Similar nu morals of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several views.

1 represents a permanent horseshoe-magnet provided with pole-pieces 2 2,0f soft iron. A brace 3, preferably of brass, having an up wardly-projecting rib 4 and a shelf 5 at right angles to the rib is fastened to the magnet in any suitable manner, as by screws 6 6. Asoftiron core 7 of any suitable constructionis suit ably fixed upon shelf 5 between pole-pieces 2 2, a suitable air-.gap bein left between the core and the pole-pieces. T 1e core 7 forms a bearing for one end of a shaft 8, the other end of the shaft being journaled in a fixed bearing 9, suitably supported. This shaft carries at its lower end a cup 10, preferably of aluminium and placed in the air-gap between the polepieces 2 2 and the core 7. The cup 10 supports windings 11, 12, 13, and 14, constituting the movable coil, the windings, as illustrated, representing a four-pole armature, the terminals of the windings being connected to the commutator segments, as shown. These windings are preferably disposed as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, Fig. 5 showing one winding only and Fig. 6 showing the four windings and connection of said windings to the commutator by a closed-circuit method of connection, the windin s forming on their outside faces magnetic poIarities N S N S as shown. Intermediate the core 7 and the bearing 9 shaft 8 carries a commutator 15, provided with brushes 16 and 17, disposed in this case, as shown in Fig. 6, at an angle of ninety degrees to each other, the opposite segments of the commutator being connected together when it is desired to use-but two brushes. The windings 18 and 19 of the stationary coil, whose terminals are connected to a shunt 20 20 in one leg of the main circuit, are supported in any suitable manner between the pole-pieces 2 2 and the cup 10, the windings being disposed respectively around a portion of each pole, as shown in Fig. 6, or around two of the poles, as shown in Fig. 4. At the upper end of shaft 8 is a gear-wheel 21, meshing with gear 22 on shaft 23, acting to operate suitable means for indicating the revolutions of the cup 10. 24 represents the registering mechanism, and 25 the dials.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows: l/Vires 26 and 27 lead from the generator (not shown) through resistance 28 to the I 4s tails as shown and described.

,. through the stationary coil the main magnetic i IO . in it by virtue of its moving through a varyskilled in the art.

* functionstransposed without-dc artingfrom I -'-using a greater or less-number-of windings tionary and movable coils, so that the stationary coil can be in connection with the and describe the mains through the stationary coil shifts or distorts the lines of force bystrengthening one side and weakening the opposite side, as shown in Fig. 6 in dotted lines on the polepieces, causing a torque on the movable coil on cup 10,"resulting in the rotation of the cup-that is to say, when current passes eld is shifted laterally parallel to itself, so as to cause a torque proportional to the lateral shifting. Cup 10 being fastened to shaft 8 causes the latter to rotatev and through the meansv set forth actuates the registering apparatus. The cup is referably of aluminium, because of its lig tness and also to. act as-a drag to the moving coil, because of the induced currents being set up ing magnetic field, resulting in the s eed of rotation of the cup being proportiona to the product of the current in the fixed coil and the movin ,coil or the watts of energy delivered tot e load. As illustrated, the apparatus is adapted to be used as a watt-hour meter, as the'total magnetism across the airgap is constant.

" heprincigle of the inventionas shown is applicable to either alternating 'ordirect currents and may be utilized in-the construction-of voltmeters and amnreters, as well as in either integrating or indicating wattmeters, as is clear to anyone It is obvioustha-t the details 'illustrated may be considerably varied and parts and the spirit of my invention-as,- oi" instance,

in the stationary or movable coils than illustrated or transposing the functions of the staadjustable resistance-30across the mains and the movable coil across the shunt 20 20.

-' I do not restrict myself to any of the de- Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is I 1. An electrical measuring instrument comprising a permanent magneticfield, a stationary coil adapted to shift the lines of force of the magnetic field, and a movable coil in the magnetic field normally in a balanced condition relative thereto but becoming unbalanced when the magnetic field is shifted.

2. An electrical measuring instrument comprising a ermanent ma netic field, a stationary coi adapted to shi t the lines of force of the magnetic field, a movable coil in the magnetic fieldnormally in a balanced condition relative thereto but becoming unbalthe movable coil whereby said movement is caused to be proportional to the torque of the movable coil and means for measuring the extent of said movement.

4. In an electrical measuring instrument a permanent magnet for creatin a field, a stationary coiland a movable coi said stationary coil being so located as to shift the permanent magnetic field; in proportionto the current which it carries, .the torque of move ment of the movable coil being proportional to the product of the current in the movable and the fixed coils.

tionar coil thereon and ainovablcoil, one

(of sai' coils bein adapted-.tccarry current %1e load and the other to proportional to t carry, c11rrent proportional to the pressure,

said-stationary coil being so located as to shift the permanent magnetic field in proportion to the current which it carries. 6. In an electrical measuring instrument a permanent magnet for creating a field, as-tationarycoil or coils for creating a fieldto'distort or displacesaid permanent field, a movable-coil armaturein a balanced condition witlirelation to said permanent field when .no current is traversin' thestationarycoihthe armature-coil andft e stationary coil carrying current proportional" to the current and the voltage, so as to produce a torque proportional to the energyconsumed.

In witness whereof I have hereunto si ned my name in the presence of two subscri ing witnesses.

THOMAS W. VARLEY.

Witnesses E. F. PQRTER,

SEABURY G. MASTIOK. 

